Quantum Zeno Effect

The quantum Zeno effect is a phenomenon in quantum physics where observing a particle prevents it from decaying as it would in the absence of the observation. Classical Zeno Paradox The name comes from the classic logical (and scientific) paradox presented by ancient philosopher Zeno of Elea. In one of the more straightforward formulations of this paradox, in order to reach any distant point, you have to cross half of the distance to that point. But to reach that, you have to cross half that distance. But first, half of that distance. And so forth... so that it turns out you actually have an infinite number of half-distances to cross and, therefore, you cant actually ever make it! Origins of the Quantum Zeno Effect The quantum Zeno effect was originally presented in the 1977 paper The Zenos Paradox in Quantum Theory (Journal of Mathematical Physics, PDF), written by Baidyanaith Misra and George Sudarshan. In the article, the situation described is a radioactive particle (or, as described in the original article, an unstable quantum system). According to quantum theory, there is a given probability that this particle (or system) will go through a decay in a certain period of time into a different state than the one in which it began. However, Misra and Sudarshan proposed a scenario in which repeated observation of the particle actually prevents the transition into the decay state. This may certainly be reminiscent of the common idiom a watched pot never boils, except instead of a mere observation about the difficulty of patience, this is an actual physical result that can be (and has been)  experimentally confirmed. How the Quantum Zeno Effect Works The physical explanation in quantum physics is complex, but fairly well understood. Lets begin by thinking of the situation as it just happens normally, without the quantum Zeno effect at work. The unstable quantum system described has two states, lets call them state A (the undecayed state) and state B (the decayed state). If the system is not being observed, then over time it will evolve from the undecayed state into a superposition of state A and state B, with the probability of being in either state being based on time. When a new observation is made, the wavefunction that describes this superposition of states will collapse into either state A or B. The probability of which state it collapses into is based on the amount of time that has passed. Its the last part which is key to the quantum Zeno effect. If you make a series of observations after short periods of time, the probability that the system will be in state A during each measurement is dramatically higher than the probability that the system will be in state B. In other words, the system keeps collapsing back into the undecayed state and never has time to evolve into the decayed state. As counter-intuitive as this sounds, this has been experimentally confirmed (as has the following effect). Anti-Zeno Effect There is evidence for an opposite effect, which is described in Jim Al-Khalilis Paradox as the quantum equivalent of staring at a kettle and making it come to the boil more quickly. While still somewhat speculative, such research goes to the heart of some of the most profound and possibly important areas of science in the twenty-first century, such as working toward building what is called a quantum computer. This effect has been  experimentally confirmed.

Swot Analysis Of Mcdonalds International Market - 1326 Words

The McDonald’s company started in the late 194o’s, and went international in late 1960’s and early 1970’s. Since then, McDonald’s has grown to operate in almost 120 counties and is a well-recognized brand internationally. This paper will cover McDonald’s future in the international market through their strategic approach, innovation and entrepreneurship, talent management, logistics, finance, and a brief SWOT analysis. Strategic approach There are always issues when taking a company to an international market and every company must have a strategic plan or approach. McDonald’s realized this when entering markets such as India. According to Doole and Lowe (2008), dealing with a market that is mostly vegetarian McDonald’s faced many†¦show more content†¦Innovation or Entrepreneurship required When it comes to innovation and entrepreneurship, McDonald’s has been a key innovator in the fast food industry. According to Hjalager (2010), for the whole catering sector and far beyond, McDonald’s has served as their inspiration for transforming the food organization (p.1). When McDonald’s first started their goals were to be fast, high quality food, at an affordable price (mcdonalds.com, 2016). McDonald’s has influenced other companies outside of the food industry as well. According to Hjalager (2010), McDonald’s methods of development focus on we ll-planned training and socialization, promotion from within, and enforcement of corporate values which has influenced companies like Disney (p.3). Along with that, Upadhyay (2015) mentions, being responsible towards the community, business, and the corporate world are the practicing values of McDonald’s that help to maintain their reputation (p.2). McDonald’s is a remarkable, innovative international company focusing on their values, company, and customers. Looking at the future for McDonald’s they should continue to follow their innovative path and build on the customer’s needs. Talent Management issues or opportunities Talent management is an area where McDonald’s have a few issues. According to Collings (2014), employees of McDonald’s wages are failing to pay for their living (p.8). This progressed into some ofShow MoreRelated Strategic Management of McDonalds Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesproblem from McDonalds case, McDonalds Polishing the Golden Arches, is how to classify McDonalds strategy through Plan to Win into one of the five generic competitive strategies. Before we solve this main problem, we should determine the chief economic and business characteristics, the five forces analysis, and also the driving forces of the fast-food industry. After that we identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats by using SWOT analysis. Finally, we classify McDonalds strategyRead MoreMcdonalds: Polishing the Golden Arches1199 Words   |  5 Pagesproblem from McDonalds case, McDonalds Polishing the Golden Arches, is how to classi fy McDonalds strategy through Plan to Win into one of the five generic competitive strategies. Before we solve this main problem, we should determine the chief economic and business characteristics, the five forces analysis, and also the driving forces of the fast-food industry. After that we identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats by using SWOT analysis. Finally, we classify McDonalds strategyRead MorePurpose of a SWOT Analysis1254 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿PURPOSE OF A SWOT ANALYSIS 1 The Purpose of a SWOT Analysis Charles Anderson Joyner III Grantham University PURPOSE OF A SWOT ANALYSIS 2 Abstract Every business to include the largest ones that control their areas of industry--has a limited supply of manpower, productionRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Mcdonald s Australia Holdings1552 Words   |  7 PagesSWOT analysis of McDonald’s Australia Holdings 1. Executive analysisAustraliaï ¼Å¡SWOT analysis of McDonald’s Australia Holdings ä » £Ã¥â€ â„¢ This report intends to evaluate the external and internal environment of McDonald’s Australia Holdings, in which new product is to be realized and defining strategies appropriate to its realization. In this report, it will analyze the external and internal environments (SWOT) of the McDonald’s Australia Holdings, which includes the strengths, weakness, opportunities andRead MoreProduct Life Cycle : A Product857 Words   |  4 Pagessince the day that is comes out to the day that it is taken off the shelf. However, the difference between a human dying and a product is that the product is killed by someone. Either the company or by competition. There are several products in the market that have been around forever and there are ones that don’t make it very long. That is why the Product of Life Cycle comes in four stages. Stage 1 of Product life cycle – Introduction of the product. The stage 1 is where the product is broughtRead MoreAnalysis McDonald’s Franchise in Viet Nam Essay examples1669 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Individual Assignment Analysis McDonald’s Franchise in Viet Nam Name: Le Quang Hieu ID student: BA60114 Class: BA0662 Lecturer: Nguyen Quoc Cuong Subject: Entrepreneurial Small Business Table of contents I. McDonald’s background 1. History 2. Mission and Vision 3. Business objective II. SWOT analysis III. Advantage and disadvantage of MacDonald franchise IV. Investment decision V. Summary VI. References I. Background of MacDonald Read MoreHow Internet Affects The Current Market1575 Words   |  7 Pagesit is essential to understand how internet marketing affects the current market and how it helps the business promote to earn more profits. Internet or digital marketing expands the supply and demand market. Except for the traditionally national and overseas markets, online market as a new business transaction area becomes more popular. Each country’s market is connected by the internet and joins into a world internet market as a whole. For example, it gives people who live far away from each otherRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Mcdonald s Operations Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pages SWOT Analysis of McDonald’s Operations in Taiwan Now that there is an understanding of the particularities of Taiwan’s business environment and of the McDonald’s company structure and its operations in Taiwan, a SWOT analysis of the company’s current operations in Taiwan can be performed and discussed. Strengths McDonald’s is a global franchise found in almost every state and country all over the world. McDonald’s has a headquarters in Taiwan, where the company views itself primarilyRead MoreMcdonald s Business Strategy Analysis1465 Words   |  6 Pages McDonald’s MGT 608 Thirin Santiworakun National University McDonald’s When you first come into the United States, what is the first restaurant that you be well known and noticeable, most of the answer should have McDonald’s restaurant. Even McDonald has built in America but in recently, to describe McDonald’s restaurant, it is one of the biggest fast food restaurants in the world. Today, McDonald has cover more than 100 countries, more than 30,000 restaurants and serves more thanRead MoreMcdonalds : Mcdonald s Restaurant1146 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction When you first come into the United States, what is the first restaurant that you be well known and noticeable, most of the answer should have McDonald’s restaurant. Even McDonald has built in America but in recently, to describe McDonald’s restaurant, it is one of the biggest fast food restaurants in the world. Today, McDonald has cover more than 100 countries, more than 30,000 restaurants and serves more than 50 million worldwide in one day. McDonald use letter M with golden color

Railroads Free Essays

It was first developed in England in the 17th century. In the year 1827, The Baltimore Ohio Railroad (BO) was the first to offer scheduled freight and passenger service to the public in the US and quickly became the prime mover of people and goods. Due to the rapid increase in demand, importance and feasibility, rail tracks could be laid anywhere and the volume of land potentially available for development expanded tremendously. We will write a custom essay sample on Railroads or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the beginning it was difficult o predict with certainty which sites with rail road access will be in demand and at what price. Soon Railroads became the principle mode of transportation and areas started depending on rail access for growth and survival. Many municipalities also paid subsidies to private rail road firms to provide service to their communities. The giant rail road companies not only received the right-of-way from the government but also millions of acres of land along their proposed route. The companies got half the land within 6 to 40 miles of the right-of-way and the government retained the other half. The companies sold some of their land at appreciated prices and also retained vast acreage so that they can mortgage it and get capital. This turned out to be a good idea especially when politicians and citizens tried to force the sale of land. Over the years, railroad companies have retained ownership of immense quantity of urban and rural land. The land has been sold, leased, developed and has been used for all purposes. Even today, in many cities, rail road companies are still the biggest private land owners. Some of them have even formed real estate divisions to get greater returns on their assets. How to cite Railroads, Papers

Organizations Received Telecommunication †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organizations Have Received Data Telecommunication? Answer: Introduction Organizations have received data and their telecommunication devices in day by day performance and therefore ICTs are changing very fast so that companies can work accordingly. It has various impacts that tend to be significant to the material, choices, decisions as well as obligation. Their main concern is the circle of profound quality, managed ethics. Moreover, they have a critical effect on individuals' behavior as well as the employee's values. Analysis on computer ethics is most important which needs to be considered. Clients and ICT experts ought to be guided by certain good and moral standards which may keep a considerable measure of significant issues and misuse in the utilization of new technology like loss of vital information, loss of business or a positive picture. Regardless of whether staff, administrators or IT authorities, should realize what moral principles as well as standards needs to be followed. (Polkowski, Z., 2015). The report is focused on the case study of Remote Access. By providing the remote access to the contractor, he will be directly connected to the information service of the manager's organization. It will help the contractor to gain the access to the confidential information of the organization. After that, he can be responsible to install unwanted software for hacking the information or can spread the virus in the networking of the organization. Hence, acting manager did the ethical act to cancel the remote access, but it was unethical when he hadnt informed the same to the manager. This paper will focus on various ethical problems that occurs in case studies and their best solution which can be implemented in the organizations. Doing Ethic Techniques Whats going on? According the case study, the acting manager has cancelled the remote access of the contractor without informing the manager. Individuals of various occupations, age groups as well as instructive foundations who live in various nations represents an assortment of societies utilize assets accessible through the worldwide PC network. This can make the problem of creating universal standards of conduct and an arrangement of moral standards, which could be broadly perceived in the World Wide Web complex in nature. (Taddeo, M. Miller, K., n.d). This is the perspective of evidence about oppressing a minority client populace. Proficient outline standards tending to the requirements of this minority group as well as potentially other comparable groups are disregarded. Subsequently, when occasions went on the web, this individual and presumably numerous other passed up a great opportunity for having the capacity to go to occasions at the Olympic Games. To conquer this, we require likewise to deal with others whether on work, or personally. This frequently implies simply doing the occupation well, yet can go more distant than that. 'Taking consideration' has parallels in the Buddhist idea of care monitoring what is happening around oneself. In case if you know about what is happening, you are in better position to act. (McDermid, D., 2008). What are the Facts? The second question in ICT ethics is to ask or describe various reasons of the case. It can include In case, when a man tries to book any event at the Olympic Games for his family, he was unable to do so because of his visually impairment. (McDermid, D., 2008). The entire staff shows that the financial services part is more exploitative than other territories of the organization. Hence this can be said that, the organization is very much substantial which includes financial organizations, security organizations, insurance agencies, benefits reserves as well as contract moneylenders or any organization that works together in the field of accounts. Therefore, due to its immense size, it tends to gather various features, or its moral omissions. (Federwisch, A., 2015). In the chosen case study, the fact is by providing the remote access to the contractor, the confidential information of the organization can be hacked. In this time of productive Internet usage, the main concern that has risen among website admins and web has alike is the risk of hacking. This might be because of that the programmers may experience the ill effects of a disease called Asperger disorder (AS). Although most programmers are not inspired by financial profit; numerous expert criminals profit by utilizing hacking systems either to set up counterfeit web based business destinations to gather credit card details. (https://www.crucialp.com, 2017). What are the Issues? The third question requests that must be considered is the issues that are included in unethical act. While the primary concentration is on moral issues, it is generally simpler to do this as a meeting to generate new ideas, recording every one of the issues included. (McDermid, D., 2008). The associations possess the rights to monitor the working activities of its employees and also monitors its various innovation frameworks that are utilized in unethical activity. Its normal routine is to inform workers that if they have to utilize organizational assets like Internet or the computer, they must consider the security of the organization. In the case study of remote access, the main issue of the unethical act was that the confidential data of large government facility can be stolen. (Relkin, J., 2006). Who is Affected? This question mainly matters for stakeholders. The performance of the organization mainly affects its stakeholders. The organizations must have adopted the conviction of the ethical behavior as the organizations mainly depends on the stakeholders. If any type of unethical behavior occurs in the organization, it affects the stakeholders in different way. (Lombardo, J., 2017). Unethical dealings among people or in an organization assembles a work environment of perniciousness and doubt. Specialists have a tendency to go additionally down the deplete when they are encompassed with individuals who make the same unethical behavior. This will prompt lower profitability, occurrence of clash, and therefore cripple the organization. Numerous specialists are reluctant to hand over their partners associated with exploitative practices. The main person who was affected in the given case study was the contractor as remote access was cancelled. (Aveta Business Institute, n.d). What are the Ethical Issues and Implications? An absence of morals can have negatively effect on the performance of an employee. If the employees are concerned about increasing the profit personally or professionally, they never concentrate on the policies as well as principles of the organization. It may lead to increase in printed stationary or can make various types of mistakes. But in case if the staff is very much concerned about principles or policies of the organization, it can help to increase the performance of the employee and that helps to increase the overall profit. When the pioneer of the organization doesnt consider moral behavior, he can experience losing of faith of other staff members which make it difficult to have business benefit. Also, lack of ethical behavior may lead to increase in pressure among the employees as some staff dont follow the guidelines. The unethical behavior in an organization can be a reason for decrease in trust between the staff and that is impeding the organization which is dependent on the join efforts of the team. (Zeiger, S., 2017). Also, the presence of one faulty party of inappropriate conduct may lead to sexually threatening condition which means that both parties female as well as male employee must be careful about to lose the job until they shows in to sexual gestures by businesses or chiefs. Also in the given case study of remote access, the main implication of ethical issue was loss of trust on contractor. (Wicks, D., 2017). What can be done about it? In an enterprise, a HR division or supervisor may provide some methods to workers in order to show their concern regarding deceptive behavior of the staff and also provide strategies, systems as well as proper training. But in case of small businesses with few resources who doesnt have any HR support can make a road for the unethical exploitative behavior is trying because of its best possible direction for such a behavior. But if the organization lacks the support of HR department, its main concern for representatives to have a approach to report their concerns and for the industries to make the policies, standards as well as training identified with unscrupulous conduct. Keeping in mind the end goal to maintain a strategic distance from these, the Codes of ethics that are made needs to be broad, hopeful and must impart the organization's ethical dream sufficiently and concise and also in a qualities articulation. HR must Grant staff the know-how to distinguish and handle unethical behavior, if it happens. By satisfying it by executing ethical training programs for all the staff in order to make the association adequate. According to the selected case study, cancelling the remote access by acting manager was the better option but it was required to inform manager for further processing. (Goldfield, B., 2016). What are the options? Creating Policies - Associations should be able to analyze, develop, as well as record the various methods that are made around the distinguishing, and the detailing ethical infringement. Hence, these policies must be verbalized in the handbook of the staff members and the protection ought to be set up for the individuals who raise such type of issues. But having a policy is not sufficient, organization must implement it properly. Increasing Staff's Understanding - The HR experts must be able to reveal that in order to train the staff for acting as ethically must be able to build up a procedure for announcing the ethical infringement and increasing staff understanding about the ethical desires is imperative. Develop a Transparent Culture - Cultural leadership work is difficult. In order to guarantee the real progress as compared to the organizations ethics, the staff must know what is happening and also he must feel agreeable to raise the voice of unethical act. (Wheeler, K., 2009). Which option is best and why? According to me, there are two options which must be implemented properly and these options are better for the organization. First is that the organization must develop a culture of understanding other cultures as well as staff must be enough trained so that they can raise their voice again unethical behavior. Also, leaders must understand their following staff so that they can take decision to keep their staff on top priority. Conclusion The report recognizes discoveries on Moral and the professional issues confronting ICT. Many organizations must have the knowledge about the critical requirement for making the ethical progress. But there is a chance to make the improvement. For making improvement, the associations must have a knowledge about that ethics is the social duty. Also, if the organizations harm others in an unethical way, it must not be allowed. The ethical strategies must be placed in the organization for the betterment of the employees. In case of ethical character of the organization, the best organization should have the responsibility to make other organizations better. It can only be possible if the culture in an association is adaptable and healthy. References Federwisch, A. (2015). Ethical Issues in the Financial Services Industry. Available at: https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/business-ethics/resources/ethical-issues-in-the-financial-services-industry/ [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] Goldfield, B. (2015). A Proactive Approach to Addressing Unethical Behavior in the Workplace. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/241924 [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] Hacking Attacks How and Why. Available at: https://www.crucialp.com/resources/tutorials/website-web-page-site-optimization/hacking-attacks-how-and-why/ [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] Lombardo, J. (2017). The Impact of Business Decisions on Stakeholders. Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-impact-of-business-decisions-on-stakeholders.html [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] McDermid, D. (2008). Ethics in ICT: An Australian Perspective. Pearson Education Australia. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Vh3iBAAAQBAJpg=PA12lpg=PA12dq=What%27s+going+on+from+the+perspective+of+a+person+raising+a+complaint+in+ethics+techniquessource=blots=VK_Q-Pn8Sssig=F7xJxHwUtViMzBsSAIRNd2TGfKYhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwiErKKNlPTVAhXBtY8KHfwJCu0Q6AEIODAD#v=onepageq=What's%20going%20onf=false [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] Polkowski, Z. (2015). Ethical Issues in the Use and implementation of ICT. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281107615_Ethical_Issues_in_the_Use_and_implementation_of_ICT [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] Relkin, J. (2006). 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers. Available at: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-ethical-issues-confronting-it-managers/ [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] Taddeo, M. Miller, K. (n.d). Ethics and Information Technologies: History and Themes of a Research Field. Available at: https://mariarosariataddeo.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/introduction.pdf [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] The Consequence of Unethical Business Behavior. Six sigma Online - Aveta Business Institute (n.d). Available at: https://www.sixsigmaonline.org/six-sigma-training-certification-information/the-consequence-of-unethical-business-behavior/ [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] Wheeler, K. (2009). How to Avoid Unethical Practices. Available at: https://www.ere.net/how-to-avoid-unethical-practices/ Wicks, D. (2017). Ethical Implications of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethical-implications-sexual-harassment-workplace-15391.html [Accessed 25th Aug 2017] Zeiger, S. (2017). Effects of a Lack of Ethics on a Business Environment. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/effects-lack-ethics-business-environment-23332.html [Accessed 25th Aug 2017]

Can internet replace books free essay sample

The modern technology is all making things easily available. Internet has provided us the easy downloadable versions of most books we need. Can internet world replace the world of books and words? Give your own views in not less than 250 words. Most people are discontinuing the contemporary practices of attaining education, and they are keener towards acquiring knowledge by the use of technological innovations. Books have acted as a true asset in imparting knowledge, but now the reliance on internet sources is also considered important. Different people have different notions but I think that that internet has more importance in today’s world but it will not be able to replace the books completely. Almost everything is available on the internet, be it newspapers, journals, comics, books or articles. The unique feature of the information on the internet is that it is free and readily available for everyone. A person sitting on the internet does not have any monetary or time limitations. We will write a custom essay sample on Can internet replace books or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The information can be viewed again and again and it always remains over there. Multiple jobs and busy schedules are even forcing people to forgo school education in favor of online education. Some people believe that books can never be completely replaced by internet because even in such an era of scientific development and technological acumen people still tend to read from the books. Colleges and universities may offer the course on the internet, but people prefer to use the books in the school or college. Some people even consider that the information provided on the internet is not reliable and is generated from undependable sources. The authenticity of the information cannot be verified so it is seen skeptically. Another debatable issue in the online world is the issue of copyright infringement. Everyone likes to get free stuff but someone is paying for that stuff. We often ignore the source of the information but the truth is that someone is suffering because of the downloadable versions and this information will cease to exist once proper laws are executed for the online theft. That is why it would be better to use the books which mostly do not indulge in any plagiarism. Both internet and books are important and if they both are used collectively they would be able to produce greater and better results for an individual or organization, but I think that internet would not be never be able to replace books in the field of education or any other field.

buy custom Fox Programming essay

buy custom Fox Programming essay News and sports ought to represent the reality on the ground. News anchors and producers should aim at presenting accurate information to the public who relies on media for information. False information by media personalities may lead to inciting the public. Hatred may also occur when one party receives favours from the media personalities. Unrealistic news will also lead to high expectations by the public, which may never happen. Most people are also sensitive to sports, especially soccer. Such people will expect the media to give the realistic information without any bias. Information should not be distorted in any way. Dramas and comedies, on the other hand, do not have to present reality because they need to be exaggerated to bring out the comic effect. They should, however, consider the societys morals. Movies and comedies should not be controversial like Bart Simpson. Bart portrays a rebellious nature and some conservatives and parents viewed him as a poor role model to the children. The character appears also to be a threat to learning, according to some educators. This is because the boy performs poorly in school, and he seems proud. He also has a negative attitude towards school. Such movies should be avoided, and instead educative movies and comedies should replace them (Plunkett, 2006). Fox channel has been quoted as broadcasting news of personal opinions rather than the reality. The news anchors fondly use the language such as some people are saying, instead of quoting the person who said those words. Information has also been distorted by Fox presenters. For example, an event was portrayed to have had a large audience, yet there were only a few people in attendance. Fox is different from other networks in the way it airs its programs. For instance, it does not air morning and evening news. Fox programming Fox channel presents its programming for up to seventeen hours per day. Most of the programmes get broadcast from, New York, headquarters. Other programs come from the Fox studio on Washington DC. Audio simulcasts get aired on Sirius Satellite Radio, and XM Satellite Radio. Fox also has a website with several web logs and columnists.fox Network stands as one of the best networks in the world, broadcasting a variety of programs; news, sports, comedies, as well as children programs. Fox programs for nineteen and half hours per week. The network provides primetime programming of fifteen hours to its owned and affiliated stations. The prime time is 8-10 pm starting Monday to Saturday, and from 7-10 on Sundays. On Saturdays, late night programming comes between 11 pm to 12.30 am. Programming during the day consists of Fox News Sunday and Weekend Marketplace, on Saturdays. The channel airs sports news on the weekend between 12-4 and 12-8 pm, though not all weekends. Football mainly broadcasts on Sundays between 12-4 pm. Baseball, on the other hand, comes on air between 3.30- 7 pm on Saturdays. News Fox Network, unlike the Big Three networks, does not air national news in the morning and evening. It focuses mainly on its entertainment programs. Fox airs primetime news on separate channels as Studio B and Fox Report. The network broadcasts national election coverage, presidential debates, breaking news, and state of the union address. Fox network does not cover major political convention speeches, aired at 10 pm in the other networks. However, most Fox stations take breaking news briefs. A public affairs show comes on air on Sunday mornings. Fox network provides national, as well as international news for its local affiliates newscasts. Sports Having observed the role of soccer in British Sky Broadcasting, Fox Network believed that Professional Football would make it famous quickly. Fox, therefore, made an offer to National Football League, in 1987, to be paying 13 million dollars per game but, NLF refused the offer and renewed its contract with ABC. Six years later, after the expiry of the contract, Fox offered a $1.58 bid to NFL, for four years. NFL selected the bid bringing to an end the CBS of football. Fox also received rights from the New World Communications to acquire ten of its affiliates. This helped Fox to market its other shows to the newly acquired viewers. Fox Network received over-air-broadcast to National Hockey League, NASCAR auto racing, and Major League Baseball. Fox also aired college football games between 2007 and 2010. In 2011, Fox together with mixed martial arts promoted the Ultimate Fighting Baseball. Childrens programming Airing of childrens programming by Fox started in 1990 with the launch of the Fox Kids Network. Many cartoons and fantasy action programs came on the air. These included Goosebumps, Bobbys World, Power Rangers, The Tick, Indiana, and X-Men. Animated series, which included Tiny Toon Adventures and Batman, got added in 1995. However, 4Kids entertainment stopped being aired due to distribution disputes though they have now been settled (Books LLC, 2010). Observations of fox network News and sports should portray the reality on the ground. Fox network broadcasts unrealistic claims on several occasions. A watchdog group on media matters said that Fox News and TV personalities have the tendency of distorting news. The network uses certain software to manipulate and edit reports from New York Times. In the Tea Party protests, in Washington DC, the network manipulated the footage suc that it appeared as if there were several protesters in the event. Fox and Friends show has also been accused of misleading viewers, by showing that Rasmussen Reports poll results added up to 120% instead of 100%. In 2009, Fox News anchor told the viewers that Michigan had a large turn out during Sarah Palin book signing. The news showed that a former vice presidential candidate continued drawing large crowds while Sarah promoted her new book. He added that those pictures came in shortly, yet they had been shown in the morning broadcast. Later it came to peoples notice that these pictures came from McCain/ Palin campaign rally of 2008. Fox vice president later said that was a production error and that the video had not been updated. Fox apologized on air the following day calling it a video error. He added that the network had no intentions to mislead the general public. Fox apologizes more times than the other large networks. The network also apologized to John Kerry, in 2004, because of a certain article that appeared on their website. They argued that the article appeared on the website as a Friday joke. A report written in 2006 by the project on Excellence in Journalism indicated that 68% of Fox stories did not represent the reality. They mainly contained personal opinions, and that the network was more one sided as compared to other networks. MSNBC personal opinion was 27%, and that of CNN was 4%. Fox reporters and anchors do not cite an anonymous source. Instead, they use the phrase "some people say" so that they can include their own opinions and comments. A Pew Research conducted in 2007, to get the viewers political knowledge, revealed that Fox viewers scored 35%. CNN viewers scored 41% while O'Reilly Factor viewers scored 51%. Rush Limbaugh viewers scored 50%, NPR got 51%, Major Newspapers scored 54%, and the Daily show scored 54%. Stanford University carried a survey in the year 2010. Regarding scientific claims, about global warming, most Fox viewers rejected such claims. Another survey conducted by Kaiser Family Foundation, regarding health misperception, found that Fox News viewers score was lower as compared to other news viewers. Public misperceptions also proved to be with Fox viewers. Ohio State University carried a study on "Ground Zero Mosque" in the year 2010. The results revealed that 66% of Fox News viewers believed in incorrect rumor that those who did not rely on Fox News. Misperceptions can be noted on Fox News viewers since the network is believed to be biased. PIPA study found out that viewers of Fox News received false and misleading information regarding 2010 election. Viewers appeared misinformed on issues as compared to viewers of other networks (Liz, Jenna Nicole, 2010). Some critics and observers of Fox News discovered some bias where the channel was favoring Republican Party rather than being neutral. In his documentary film, Robert Greenwald argues that Fox suffered from conservative bias. The documentary being referred to in this case is Outfoxed: Rupert Murdochs War on Journalism. The film uses Fox News clips, and internal memos directing on how to report. During the Health care reform in the US, a leaked memo from Fox asked the staff to use terms phrases such as whenever possible, government option, or, government-run-health insurance. He argued that using such terms would split the American people making them rise against the government. Another bias came in Pew research poll of 2009. The results showed that the channel was the most ideological in America. Among those interviewed, 47% agreed that Fox presented conservative news. Ranking second was MSNBC with 36%, followed by CNN with 11%. Fox programming impact on the society Some of the Fox network movies have portrayed imperfect image of the network. Bart portrays his rebellious nature, and the boy does not receive punishment for his mischief. Some conservatives and parents viewed Bart as a poor role model to the children. The character appears also to be a threat to learning, according to some educators. This is because the boy performs poorly in school, and he seems proud. He also has a negative attitude towards school. Bart also appears to be mean spirited. Some people describe the character as frustrated, confused and angry, hence a poor role model to children. In fact, George Bush clearly said that his government aimed at strengthening families, and making them less of Simpsons. Some other scholars openly said that the Bart Simpsons episodes were disrespectful to the audience. Russia, Venezuela, and China have banned the airing of its episodes, and asked the media to replace it with educative programs to the children. Fox decided not to carry scheduled events including presidential speeches, which brought a lot of criticism. It would only air its regular entertainment programmes while the other channels would bring such live speeches. The network has also been surrounded by controversy due to obscenities in Nicole Richie and Cheer. The obscene parts received criticism from both the television council and the parents. The scenes come out as the worst scenes on TV between the period of 2001 and 2004. Members of PTC do not like some Fox broadcasts and have filed several complaints to the Commission of Federal Communication. The Fox Network has been forced to apologize to the complainants (Macdonald, 2010). The scriptwriter edited the obscene language to avoid future complaints. Many popular shows by Fox receive criticism from Parents Television Council due to its indecent content. American dad, 70s Show, The Simpsons, Hells kitchen, Arreested Development, Prison Break and Married with Children, are some of the shows that have received criticism. The council has at times gone as far as filing complaints with Federal Communications Commission. Fox Network was at one point made to pay a fine of $91,000 for indecent programming. Regarding weekly TV shows, Fox has been referred severally to as having Worst TV Show of the Week. Fox network has been criticized for poor ethics. At one time, Democrats provided a memo to the media. The memo, written by staffers of Republican senator, Mel Martinez brought a lot of controversy. In the memo, he suggested ways by which democrats could gain politically. Fox News producers argued that the memo could be forged by democrats. Senator Mel Martinez later c onfirmed the memo making people question the ethics of Fox network. Fox network has an impact on the society in that most people spend much of their time getting entertained. Entertainment helps people to enjoy life outside their routine work. People like watching news, watching sports, and getting entertained by comedies. Movies, especially soap operas, profoundly affect peoples lives. People tend to expect the love they see in these operas, to be shown to them by their partners. This has, indeed, broken many relationships. Movies such as action movies also influence people by making them violent. The several channels that are available to the viewers have made people lazy as they only sit down watching the programs. Some students have also been not to perform poorly in school since they do not revise when they get to their homes. They only watch their favorite TV programs. Fox network differences to the real world Fox network brought many differences to the real world. For example, it acquired some stations from other networks. This means that those networks, whose stations are acquired, lose popularity. Profits of such networks also reduce notably. Another difference to the real world came when Fox Network started airing NFL, previously aired by ABC network channel. T, therefore, meant that viewers turned to Fox channel to watch soccer. Several other sports such as baseball, basketball, and champions league could also be watched on Fox network. Compared to the Big Three networks, Fox has several differences. The network airs net programming for only two hours during prime time hours. On Sundays, it airs for three hours. The other three networks air for four Sundays and three weeknights at night. Its news is, therefore, broadcast at 10pm Eastern time. Its main aim for this was not to be considered a network be the FCC to avoid regulations. Despite being a prime network, Fox does not air soap operas during the day. Talk shows and game shows are also not aired during the day. They, therefore, offer more syndicated programs such as Judge Alex and Divorce Court. Do not Forget the Lyrics and Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader represent the game shows broadcast during the day as syndicated programs (Kimmel, 2004). Unlike the other three large networks, Fox does not air morning or evening news programs given their primetime schedule. However, the network airs presidential debates, state of the union address, national elections, as well as breaking news from time to time. The range of coverage varies from one station to another and, normally, they limit it to the networks events in primetime block. Fox network, unlike the three large networks, does not cover political speeches at 10 pm. All the same, most of the networks stations give briefings on weekday breaking news. Another difference to the real world is that, among all the US broadcasters, Fox Network comes out as unique in the way it distributes its network HD feed. Fox transports its network as an MPEG stream of transport. This stream is usually intended to be delivered to the viewers TV sets bit-for-bit. Local commercials get inserted by use of transport stream plicer. For the three large networks, the affiliates, decode compressed satellite video feed first, and then re-encode them for the final emission over-the-air. Fox is also the only network that airs its programs, in widescreen, on digital feed that is not available in HD. Such programs used to be presented between 2001 and 2006 in Fox High Resolution Widescreen. However, these programs are currently unbranded. It should be noted that Fox network produces entertaining programs. The network has produced many soap operas targeting young audience. The soap operas includes, among others, Beverly Hills, New York Undercover, and Melrose Place. Comedies have also been broadcast be Fox network. For example, the Living Color comedy had outstanding characters, which have remained famous until today. Stars such as Jennifer Lopez, Jim Carry, Jimmy Foxx and, Damon Wayans have featured in fox network. MADtv comedy series is yet another comedy that people loved, and it remained a hit for over a decade. The Simpsons also came as a strong program, with many people liking it, despite the fact that many people criticized the movie. They argued that Bart did not act as an admirable role model to the children due to his carefree nature. Fox network broadcasts sports in a different way from other networks. Fox Network got granted rights over-air-broadcast to National Hockey League, NASCAR auto racing, and Major League Baseball. Fox also aired college football games between 2007 and 2010. In 2011, Fox together with mixed martial arts promoted the Ultimate Fighting Baseball. This has made the network famous since a good number of people love sports. The network, therefore, has several viewers who spend time watching sports, as well as watching other programs. Buy custom Fox Programming essay

Criminology dissertation literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminology dissertation - Literature review Example Furthermore, it has also been stated that during the criminal treatment, the rape victims are often prejudged and ill-treated. The research of Fawcett Society (2007) stated that in the UK, at least 47,000 adult females are raped every year and according to public approach towards female rape victims, 34% of public consider that the victims are partially or completely liable for being raped as they behaved in flirtatious manner. In a society, it is usually accepted that public have a tendency to perceive victim of rape in somewhat negative manner. People basically observe world as just a place where misfortune happens only to those who earn them. This statement reflects that in several rape circumstances, the incidence is described by considering the situation where victim should have done something in order to evade being victimised. Several researchers have identified that in rape case, victims are regarded as sole initiator of their victimisation (Hart & et. al., 2007). According to Wolfgang (1958), victims’ direct and instantaneous action often leads to misfortune. In rape based action, several authors disputed that victim’s characteristic matter more in comparison to their activities. According to Frederick (1987), factors such as victim’s class, background, image of decency and physical appeal have certain impact on crime liability. Workman & Freeburg (1999) also stated that femal e victim’s physical attractiveness, sexual appetites, degree of intemperance and dress pattern can influence negative ascription in female victimisation. Belknap (1996) noted that the institutional beliefs in gender role stereotyping influence the rape case proceedings in present century. Literally, a woman who appealed to be a victim of rape is treated with doubt. Any past sexual activity on her side is believed to weaken the truth of her claim and as practical matter reduce her right to control the characteristics of her sexual

The Human Nature Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Human Nature - Coursework Example It is a happiness of following own nature and fulfilling own higher idea and purpose. The feature, commonly shared by all the people, according to Aristotle, is the reason. Ability to reasoning lies at the core of human beings. Rational capacities impose person’s capability to explore the world and support and focus own decisions and acts. Thomas Aquinas supposed that moral law is a part of the universal divine plan. There are innate tendencies of human nature that have to be enhanced and thus promote the greater good. He stressed the importance of liberty of knowledge and freedom of choice. There are some conflicting points regarding the moral law. For example, according to Darwin’s theory, poor and weak deserve their suffering as the natural law in evolution theory states that the strongest survive. Health care seems to be contradicting. All the people have both people and animal natures. This means all the people contain some degree of aggression for survival. Thus, there are joint collective values for common good and survival, while other aspects may involve competitiveness, destructive features, etc. All the living creatures and systems are aimed to develop. It is seen through all the species. Systems and creatures evolve and become more complex. Eudaimonia means revealing and fulfilling own concept. Finding own role, in which a person may both achieve own happiness and promote the greater good for the maximum quantity of people is probably a natural law, which is imprinted into the human nature.

Ethical issues in virtual education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Ethical issues in virtual education - Essay Example   The foundation of coaching once confined to local academies and education centers in past has extensively been extended to national and international colleges, universities and distant educational institutions. Not only this that schools, colleges and universities have been established like mushrooms in modern times, but also several new disciplines have also been introduced in these institutions with the passage of time, which encourage the students in respect of conducting researches to approve or reject the latest developed theories related to pure and social sciences and management and marketing etc too as well. Hence, the 20th century brought tremendous revolution in all fields of life including science, technology, industrialisation and advancement, which significantly left indelible imprints on teaching profession. Large-scale modifications in educational training centres not only upraised the level of education, and eradicated ignorance and illiteracy altogether, but also offered the people belonging to different cultures and communities the chances of seeking education at higher level even while staying at homes or in their own community and get professional education without any restriction of age, sex and region. The concept of virtual education is thus a wonderful achievement in this regards. University education is the continuity of the same pattern that was introduced by Plato in the ancient Greece, but providing of education through distance in various regions of the globe is the product of modern society.   

Causes and Impacts of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Causes and Impacts of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic and generally progressive disorder of unknown origin which affects connective tissues. RA is commonly manifested by inflammation of the synovial membrane of joints, immobility and general fatigue (1). Concurrent and symmetric polyarticular inflammation, which is its first clinical symptom, initially involves the small joints in the hands and feet (2). RA knows no geographical or racial boundaries and may occur at any stage of life. Its prevalence and incidence increases with age (3). According to other studies, its global prevalence rate is reported as 1% and such rate is the same worldwide (2, 4). According to the World Health Organizations 2002 annual report, RA accounts for 0.8% of total years lived with disability. Besides, the mortality rate of people affected is twice than that of general population at the same age. Also, the rate of its prevalence is significantly increasing in the recent years (2, 5). Furthermore, women are more likely to develop such disease than men as 70% of the patients suffering from RA are women. The disease, which mostly occurs in the fourth and fifth decades of life, can disrupt normal daily activities (2, 6). RA may cause numerous physical complications among which chronic pain, fatigue, impaired mobility and limb deformities are the major ones (7). RA-induced complications are not limited to apparent limitations in mobility and activities of daily living; but obscure systemic effects of such disease can also lead to organ failure, death or serious health problems such as pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance and changes in self-image. Such complications can cause disabilities and permanent changes in the patients (8). The chronic nature of rheumatic diseases necessitates obtaining the required knowledge about the disease to make sound decisions for managing the health condition and developing a treatment plan tailored to the patients lifestyle. Fundamental objectives and strategies to deal with such diseases includesuppressing inflammation and autoimmune response, controlling pain, maintaining or improving joint mobility and functional status as well as increasing the patients’ awareness of the disease process (8). Encouraging patients to adopt correct and proper self-care behaviors is an important factor which contributes to successful management of the disease (9). Self-efficacy also seems extremely important in managing RA.Unpredictable courses of the disease and its varying activity can make the patients find their disease uncontrollable which, in its own turn, can decrease their self-efficacy in managing it (10). Self-efficacy is a form of self-confidence defined as ones belief in ones own ability to successfully organize and accomplish a particular task, behavior or any changes in cognitive status regardless of the underlying terms and conditions (11, 12). It is also a prerequisite for behavior change which affects the amount of efforts and level of performance (13). People with higher levels of self-efficacy hold a belief that they are able to control their life events effectively. Such perception and belief, which can affect their behaviors directly, create a standpoint for them different from that of people with poor self-efficacy (11). Hence, self-efficacy is a critical factorcontributing to the success and failure of people throughout their lives. Individuals’ perceptions of such sense, is the most powerful predictor of their ability to change risky behaviors. It also determines how they face obstacles and difficulties. The people with low self-efficacy are easily convinced that their attempts are useless so they quickly stop striving. However, those with high self-efficacy not only can remove the barriers by improving self-management skills and persistence, but they also can stand against problems and have more control over their affairs. Besides, reinforcing self-efficacy can result in maintaining and preserving health-promoting behaviors (14). Its significant role in the initiation and maintenance of healthy behaviors,in case of occurrence of any disease such as arthritis, asthma and diabetes mellitus occurs, has been frequently reported by researchers (15). Previous studies have shown that using structured education can improve it in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as well (16). It is also reported that increased self-efficacy could improve self-care skills and behaviors in the patients with diabetes mellitus (17). The evidence show that it is essential to enable the patients to take care of themselves using scheduled training programs, which are based on patient-centered approaches, including patients’ active participation in improving their quality of life.It is of extreme importance due to several reasons such as priority of prevention to treatment, the chronicity of the disease, shorter hospital stay and spending recovery period at home as well as the problems of access to health care (18-20). Atak et al (2010) reported the significant effect of education and subgroups of regular exercise, choosing healthy diet and controlling complications of the disease on the mean of total self-efficacy scores in the patients with diabetes mellitus (21). Furthermore, the results of another study revealed that education could significantly affect perceived self-efficacy in the patients with arthritis with respect to their ability to exert control over pain; however, it was not significant in terms of shin-related exercises. The researchers justified the lack of educational effects on exercise-related self-efficacy by explaining that training in a limited period of time cannot enhance the patients’ confidence in taking such action due to severe complications such as joint stiffness, pain and inflammation they experienced (22).Ø ªÃƒÅ¡Ã‚ ©ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ€ºÃ…’ Vikery et al conducted a similar study to examine the effect of self-care trainings on disease outcomes. The obtained results showed that self-care training could decrease morbidity, the number of medical visits required and consequently healthcare costs (23). Even a small percentage increase in the self-care of chronic conditions can have major effects on reducing the demand for specialized services in health care (24). Patrich (2008) believe that without training the patients and their participation in their self-care process, health care will be more costly and quality of life will be more impaired (25).Patient training is a vital aspect of nursing care for those with arthritis to enable them to live as independently as possible, take their medications correctly and safely and use assistive devices properly. Such training is focused on the type of disorder, possible changes resulting from the disorder, prescribed treatment regimen, side effects of the medications and strategies to maintain individuals’ independence and performance as well as patients safety at home (8). Several studies showed that training the patients can raise their knowledge and result in the improvement of self-management activities and health status so that they can prepare themselves for decision-making and compliance with the treatment regimen (26). It is worth mentioning that the aim of training the patients with chronic diseases is to sustain their behavior change for a longer period of time and even until the end of life.Due to the nature of the disease, immediate changesare not expected to be seen; for example prompt resolution of disabilities and difficulties is not expected to occur in case of chronic diseases such as arthritis. However, self-management training seems essential and profitable; so, the patients should obtain required knowledge and skills needed for decision-making and solving their own problems and those related to communicating with others (27).

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Wenig elektrisierend – Haben Elektroautos einfach nur ein Imageproblem, oder ist die Technik wirklich noch nicht reif? Die Bundesregierung hà ¤lt an ihrem Ziel fest. Bis 2020 sollen eine Million Elektroautos, lautlos auf deutschen Straßen umhersurren. Ist das machbar, oder sind der Regierung jetzt endgà ¼ltig die Sicherungen durchgebrannt? Abgesehen von technischen Rahmenbedingungen, werden hier nicht vielleicht einige wichtige à ¤ußere Faktoren vergessen? Vor 75 Jahren ist à ¼ber einem Feld in Lake Hurst, in der Nà ¤he von New Jersey, ein riesiges, 245 Meter langes Luftschiff lichterloh in Flammen aufgegangen ist. Die Rede ist von „LZ 129â€Å". Ein Zeppelin, der traurige Berà ¼hmtheit erlangen sollte. Die Hindenburg. Ein Spannungsfunke an der falschen Stelle genà ¼gte. 200.000 Kubikmeter Wasserstoff fingen sofort Feuer und rissen 36 Menschen mit in den Tod. Dieser eine Funke genà ¼gte auch, um die Bedeutung der Luftschifffahrt fà ¼r immer zu besiegeln. Der Unfall war damals „nurâ€Å" der fà ¼nfschwerste Zeppelin-Unfall, der sich ereignet hat. Aber er war der erste vollstà ¤ndig detailliert, dokumentierte in der Geschichte. Die Hindenburg-Katastrophe wurde gefilmt und live im Radio à ¼bertragen. Obwohl moderne Zeppeline die mit Helium fliegen, absolut sicher sind und sie praktischen Nutzen hà ¤tten, wird sich diese Technologie nie wieder richtig durchsetzen. Die Anzahl der aktuell zugelassenen Luftschiffe in Deutschland kann man, laut dem Lauffahrt-Bundesamt, an einer Hand abzà ¤hlen. Wortwà ¶rtlich! Es sind nà ¤mlich genau fà ¼nf. So sehr hat sich der Unfall in das Gedà ¤chtnis der Leute eingebrannt, dass viele Leute laut einer Umfrage, sogar mit Wasserstoff betankte Brennstoffzellen- Elektroautos fà ¼r sehr gefà ¤hrlich halten. Jetzt kà ¶nnte den Elektroautos ein à ¤hnlich... ...Elektroautos dann wirklich einhundertprozentig Co2-frei fahren kà ¶nnen, es wird an den echten „Freaksâ€Å" vorbeigehen. Fà ¼r uns werden sie nie so viel Spaß machen und so viel Freude auslà ¶sen, wie ein guter alter bollernder V8 Motor, ein kreischender V12, ein pfeifender Bi-Turbo-Sechszylinder, etc. Der Là ¤rm, die Vibration, die Emotionen, die Kraft; dagegen werden es Elektromotoren, die uns immer irgendwie an (X-beliebiges Haushaltsgerà ¤t bitte hier einsetzen) erinnern werden, SEHR schwer haben. Wenn Umweltschà ¼tzer, Politiker und Aktivisten aller Art sagen: „Es wird bald „coolâ€Å" und „hipâ€Å" sein ein Elektroauto zu fahrenâ€Å", dann kommt das immer so rà ¼ber wie damals als man noch jung und faul war und einem seine Mutter zu sich und seinem Bruder gessagt hat: „Kommt schon Kinder, haltet doch mal ein Rennen um zu sehen wer schneller sein Zimmer aufrà ¤umen kann! Das wird spaß machen!â€Å"

Modernism in “A passage to India”

Modernism refers to a classification of literature that was written between 1914 and 1965.   E. M. Forster's A Passage to India was published in 1924, placing it in the early years of the Modernist Period as well as within the Georgian Age (Harmon 597).   In art and literature, Modernism paralleled the rise of industrial technology and advances in science. In music, atonalism – that is, music which deliberately avoids key centers and is often dissonant – was produced by composers such as Arnold Schoenberg. Visual art found expression in cubism. Theories by Sigmund Freud also had a powerful influence on this movement. In literature, the Modernistic writing style is characterized by breaking with tradition.   It is inner-self oriented, and that inner-self is often explored using a stream of consciousness manner.   Modernism rejects traditional values and assumptions.   The individual takes pride of place while the social and outward are cast aside.   Some scholars see Modernism as a reaction to the practical and systematic sensibilities of Realism and Naturalism (Harmon 326). Not surprisingly, the Modern Era was also when Existentialism came into prominence – a related philosophy in which human beings are expected to create their own meaning for existence.   Forster's â€Å"Oriental-leaning† characters in this novel provide examples of a Modernistic mindset contrasting with the traditional English Imperialist mindset provided by other characters. Forster uses the symbol of water to represent the idea of renewal in the â€Å"Temple† chapter. There is an event in which the Hindus are â€Å"preparing to throw God away† (Forster 308), and part of the ceremony involves a replica of the village of Gokul that is placed on a tray and is to perish.   Meanwhile, the British and others are in boats out in the water, observing the festivities, and the boats collide, expelling the passengers.   The symbolic village perishes so that it can be renewed, and is representative of the renewal of mindsets of some of the passengers in the boats. Aziz in particular in the latter portion of the â€Å"Temple† section, exhibits several examples of stream of consciousness thinking.   In one instance Fielding asks Aziz to meet with Stella and Ralph, and Aziz does not reply.   Instead, the reader is allowed into his thoughts, which are not linear but circular, and is one example of how a human mind jumps around from topic to feeling to emotion and back (Forster 314). Because Forster is examining traditional values through a Modernistic lens in this novel, material detail is much less important than what the characters are thinking.   The action in this story is in each character's mind, and how they grapple with new ideas concerning culture, religion, and morality. Professor Godbole and Mrs. Moore express their inner character and the workings of their minds in an â€Å"Oriental† manner, embodied in the Hindu sensibility.   Mrs. Moore, although a Christian, is accepted into Oriental culture, and she clashes with Heaslop prior to Aziz's trial.   Heaslop does not understand his mother because he does not recognize her spirituality, and he sides with the English Imperialist mindset against Aziz, the Oriental.   Mrs. Moore will have no part in helping her son succeed to the detriment of an Oriental.   She ultimately leaves India and the trial (Forster 201). In A Passage to India, Forster uses Modernism to explore the inclusive attitude of the â€Å"Oriental† and how diverse people make their passages in coming to terms with this sensibility.   Forster makes use of a Modernistic approach to help him tell a story with great depth, complexity and surprise. Works Cited Forster, E. M.   A Passage to India.   New York:   Harcourt, 1924. Harmon, William and C. High Holman.   A Handbook to Literature. 7th ed.   Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:   Prentice Hall, 1996.   

Customer Perception on Fmcg Products in Rural Market

MODULE-I 1. 1. INTRODUCTION TO FAKE PRODUCTS â€Å"A rural consumer is brand loyal and this also makes it easy to sell look-alike†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      – Mr. R. V. Rajan, CMD, Anuragh Fake products are of two types – one: counterfeit products and two: pass-off products. Counterfeit products are fake products that bear identical name of product/ packaging/graphics/colour scheme and even same name and address as the genuine manufacturer.Someone produces these to look exactly like real products other than the legal owner of the real products, trademarks and product packaging. Sometimes it is becoming more and more difficult to tell which is the real  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Pondsâ €  talcum powder and â€Å"Clinic Plus† shampoo from the fake products. Pass-off products use similar sounding or are similar in spelling  (for example â€Å"Luk† for â€Å"Lux†,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"510† for â€Å"501†, â€Å"Saveena† for â€Å"Sabeena†,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sun Max† or â€Å"Super Master†. They use similar type of packaging or color or designs. They come out with the motive of misleading and cheating ordinary consumers who are uneducated or in a hurry in purchasing products.A study conducted by AC Nielson, a research agency reveals that FMCG industry loses around 2500 crores annually to counterfeits and pass-off products. According to Ashok Chhabra, Executive Director, P&G the fake products are affecting the sales of leading brands to the extent of 20 to 30 percent. Another recent survey conducted by AC Nielson reveals that top brands in India are estimated to lose up to 30 percent of their business to fake products. Bes ides the loss of revenue, the leading companies also face the loss in the damage to brand image and brand loyalty of consumers.Laws Governing Following are the laws under which legal action can be taken against manufacturers and sellers of fake products: * Indian Penal Code 1860 * Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 * Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 * Consumer Protection Act, 1986 * Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 * Trademarks Act, 1999 The rural consumers by looking into the ads of leading chocolate companies unknowingly purchase the fake chocolate brands because of their impulses. Hence, the researcher has conducted a survey in the petty shops in rural areas to find out the fake chocolates available.List of Fake Chocolates/Toffees available in rural areas * Dairy Milk:Daily Milk * Kit Kat:Kir Kat * Coffee Bite:Coffee Toffee * Mango Bite:Mango Ripe and mango bite * Aasai:Aasha * Polo:Rolo * Vicks: Vibex It has been found out that fake chocolates and toffees are available i n more number of petty shops for the leading brands. Strategies for Chocolate/Toffee Companies in Rural Marketing (to kill fake brands) * Product:  Without compromising on quality, the leading chocolate companies can reduce their size to match the rural demand. Pricing:  As the rural consumers are bothered about economy pricing the leading chocolate companies can follow the strategy of â€Å"penetration pricing† * Physical Distribution:  Sales professionals of the local region who have familiarity in the local (regional) language can be appointed to look after the sales of rural areas, so that they can easily converse with the retailers and can build goodwill. Fake brands exist in rural as well as urban locations. But the problem is more acute in rural areas especially the deep pockets which are less accessible and people have very little knowledge about the original brands. Most people in rural India can recognize alphabets but not complete words, so during a research, we found a whole lot of samples of fake Clinic Plus shampoo sachets where the visual was similar to the original brand but the name was changed to ‘Clinton’ as Bill Clinton was to arrive soon in the country. During another such raid, we collected about 99 variants of Fair&Lovely cream including Fair&Lonely, Far & Lovely etc. †, said Mr. Pradeep Kashyap, president, Rural Marketing Association of India (RMAI) and CEO, MART while sharing an interesting incident in past.The Indian rural landscape being scattered in smaller villages, gaining access in all of them is a tedious task for brands. Also, most of the FMCG brands have not been able to set up an efficient distribution network in such areas. The local entrepreneurs are well aware of these challenges. Hence, take advantage by manufacturing cheap substitutes of original brands, misleading the rural consumers. These manufacturers have an advantage of being local and thus reach the shops before the original brands do. Such counterfeits piggy back on huge marketing budgets of FMCG companies.The rural consumers are aware of the brand owing to ads broadcasted on radio & television channels. But on time of purchase, the consumers tend to pick their fake counterparts due to unavailability of original product or get fooled by the retailers who on purpose sell cheap products for higher margins. Over the time the share of fake products in the FMCG market has grown to 10- 15% causing a deep hole in the pockets of the FMCG companies. A study conducted by AC Nielson, a research agency reveals that FMCG industry loses around 2500 crores annually to counterfeits and pass-off products.In another recent survey conducted by AC Nielson reveals that top brands in India are estimated to lose up to 30 percent of their business to fake products. Besides the loss of revenue, the leading companies also bear the damage to brand image and brand loyalty of consumers. On a whole, the brands not only suffer in terms of revenue but also have to compromise on the brand image which in no case can be tolerable. Therefore, various brands have come up with unique strategies to overcome their shortcomings in the rural markets and curb the growth of fake brands in rural areas.Companies like Coca-Cola have set up an elaborate system to curb the menace of  duplicate manufacturers, offering incentives to informers. It has 48 consumer response coordinators across the countries who work  with their teams and redress consumer complaints directly, including overcharging and spurious bottling. Besides, it has a large network of  route salesmen who have a one-to-one relationship with the retailers on their beat and keep their ears to the ground. When they spot suspicious activity, they inform company officials.So though it is impossible to stop counterfeiters totally, it is possible to minimize the damage they cause. Upgrading the product packaging periodically or launch product variants so that the manufact urers of counterfeits find it difficult to copy their products. Hindustan Lever has initiated special tamper-proof packs for its deodorant spray ‘AXE’, whose nozzle can’t be detached from the body while Procter and Gamble uses special labels for its Vicks Vapo Rub which does not peel off even if soaked overnight in water. This makes it difficult for spurious goods makers to imitate.Stopping the counterfeits market is a long process but it’s more important for companies to create awareness among the consumers about the ill effects about such fake products and the hazards they pose. Geographic locations: Rural consumer behavior is also influenced by the geographic location of the consumers. For example, nearness to feeder towns and industrial projects influence the buying behavior of consumers in the respective clusters of villages. We are discussing this aspect in detail in the section on market segmentation in rural markets.To cite one more example of how geographic location affects buying behavior, we can point out the fact that the lack of electricity in many rural households acts as a barrier to the purchase of certain consumer durables. Exposure to urban lifestyles: Extent of exposure of rural consumers to urban lifestyles also influences their buying behavior. An increased exposure and interaction with urban communities has been the trend in recent years. The way the consumer uses the products: The situation in which the consumers utilize the product also influences their buying.The example of lack of electricity affecting buying behavior illustrates this point as well. Lack of electricity automatically increases the purchase of batteries by rural consumers. Similarly, since rural consumers cannot use washing powders/detergent powders that much, as they wash their clothes in streams or ponds, they go in more for washing bars and detergent cakes. Places of purchase: Buying behavior of rural consumer also varies depending on the p lace of purchase. Different segments of rural buyers buy their requirements from different places/outlets.Some buy from the village shopkeepers; some from village markets/fairs; others buy from the town that serves as the feeder to the rural area. It is also seen that the same buyer buys different requirements from different laces. For understanding the buying behavior of the rural consumer correctly, the marketer must ask the question: Where from do they buy the products and why? Involvement of others in the purchase: Involvement of others in the purchase in the purchase decision is yet another relevant factor in this regard. There has been a change here in recent years.In the past, the head of the family used to make the purchase decision all by himself. In contrast, the involvement of the other members of the family in the purchase decision has been growing in recent years. An increase in literacy coupled with greater access to information has resulted in this development. The ma rketer has to reckon the role of the influencers while sizing up the buying behavior of rural consumers. Almost 15 per cent of consumer goods sales in India is estimated to be of fake products. In value terms, around Rs 15,000 crore.At an 18 per cent tax rate, the loss to the exchequer is Rs 2,700 crore. Despite efforts to curb counterfeiting of FMCGs, it remains rampant, especially in rural areas, where consumer awareness is low and the ability to track shipments is poor. This has prompted FMCG players to devise ways to act on units that manufacture these products. Emami, for instance, has a separate cell headed by an ex-assistant commissioner of police, whose job is to investigate leads provided by the in-house sales force on places where counterfeit products of its popular brands are made.Once these are identified, the team and local authorities raid these factories. â€Å"On an average, we do at least two to three raids per month,† says Aditya Agarwal, director. Most comp anies are adopting this model of conducting raids with the help of the local authorities. â€Å"It works faster that way,† says C K Ranganathan, chairman & managing director, CavinKare. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd managing director, Dalip Sehgal, rues: â€Å"Counterfeiting has not only led to a lower offtake in products in particular towns but also has an effect on our top line and bottom line†.GCPL has been facing pass-offs of many of its various products, such as Powder Hair dye, deo spray and their toilet soap brand, Godrej No. 1. â€Å"The menace is spread across the country,† notes Sehgal. Dabur India recently conducted raids across units in West Bengal, Rajasthan and Ghaziabad involved in the production of Dabur lookalike products. The company had complained to local authorities and seized personal and healthcare products and medicines worth about Rs 2 crore. The company has mapped locations where these activities take place and is going after the spuriou s manufacturers systematically. Leads have been obtained on packaging and label suppliers as well, and Dabur India will spare no efforts to get them all behind bars,† said Dabur India Director P D Narang. The seized goods included 50,000 labels of Dabur Gulabari, over 30,000 labels of Dabur Keora water and both filled and empty bottles of different sizes of Dabur Lal Danth Manjan, Honitus and Active Antacid. Hindustan Unilever (HUL) has had reports of 118 spurious varieties of their products, Fair and Lovely and Clinic Plus, available in the market. HUL says it has a ‘three-pronged approach’ to address this.It includes, as a spokesperson, from the company puts it: â€Å"Creating awareness regarding the problem; engaging with enforcement agencies on implementation and government bodies for changes in laws; and actively taking market action through raids and seizures. † Tthe bigger the company, the larger is its spurious counterpart. To counter this, some com panies have changed the packaging and design of their products at frequent intervals to make it difficult for counterfeiters to duplicate these easily. But, this is expensive, which makes conducting raids the most common pratice of dealing with the menace.Companies also say most manufacturers of spurious products work in collusion with wholesalers and retailers who stock these, eventually pushing them to unsuspecting consumers, lured by the low price. The discount in price between the original and fake product is said to be 20-25 per cent. So, even as companies try getting manufacturers under their net, the distributor-retailer end is unaddressed. By some accounts, almost 10 per cent of the retail universe in the country is dealing in spurious products. DISTRIBUTION OF FAKE PRODUCTS CONSUMER MANUFACTURE WHOLESALER IN BIG CITY WHOLE SALER IN SMALL TOWN MOBILE TRADER VILLAGE RETAILERPETTY SHOP MODULE-II 2. 1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Primary Objective * To study the consumers perceptio n on fake brands in FMCG products. Secondary Objectives * To study the behavior of consumer towards fake products. * To study the awareness of fake brands. * To study the consumers opinion towards fake brands. * To study the pricing strategy of fake products in FMCG. * To study the distribution channels. 2. 2. NEED OF THE STUDY To study about the buying behavior for fake FMCG products in rural area, what type of fake brands are available in the rural market. To know about the awareness of fake product in rural customers.To know about the reason for not purchasing fake FMCG products. To study customers give importance to the price of the fake brands. To study the reason for preferring a particular brand. To study the alternative purchase plan if preferred brands not available. To know the mode of easy distribution of fake products. To know how the customers identify the fake brands. To know how the customer cheated with fake FMCG products. 2. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design A research design is purely and simply the framework or plan for a study that guides the collection and analysis of data.The Survey Research was used in this project, because consumer’s feedback was necessary for obtaining the data. Hear descriptive type of research was followed. Descriptive research includes surveys and fact finding enquiries of different kind. The purpose is description of the state of affairs as it exists at the present. Data Sources There two types of data Primary and secondary. * The Primary data are those, which are collected a fresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. Primary Data was collected with the help of questionnaire. The secondary data, on the hand are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the statistical process. The methods of collecting Primary and secondary data differ since; Primary data are to be originally collected, while in case of secondary d ata the nature of data collection work is merely that of compilation. Secondary Data was obtained from journals, magazines, newspapers, book and the internet. Research Instrument For doing the survey research, Structured Questionnaire with both open-ended and closed-ended questions was used.Mode of Survey The mode of survey was questionnaire methods distributed directly to the people. Sample Size A sample size of 100 respondents is used for the study. Sample Technique Random sampling. Tools Used For Data Analysis The collected information has been processed both manually and with the help of computer. The statistical tool used in this study is simple percentage methods. Simple percentage analysis = Number of respondents/Total number of respondents? 100 Sample Area A sample area is rural areas in Theni district. 2. 4. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The method of collecting Primary data has setup as questionnaire thus, the collection from the respondents made difficulty and response was not bad. * The place of research is rural areas in Theni district so collection of data can be done only randomly with the limited sample size of 100. * Many people are not able to understand the questionnaire because they are not well in English. * Some people were not aware of fake brands. * It takes too time to collect the questionnaire from the respondents. Some people not even know the meaning of â€Å"fake†. MODULE-III 3. 1. REVIEW OF LITERATUREKhan N. A. , Building Competitiveness in Small-Scale and Rural Industries in India; Icfai University Journal of Rural Management: â€Å"The significance of competitiveness in the rural marketing was neglected for a long time in India, but now it is being recognized†. Dr. N. Rajendhiran,  Rural Marketing – A Critical Review ; Icfai University Journal of Rural Management(2001) : † The success of a brand in the Indian rural market is as unpredictable as rain. It has always been difficult to gauge the rural market. Many brands, which should have been successful, have failed miserably.More often than not, people attribute rural market success to luck† Ramanathan V, Sudhamathi S, Brand Building Exercises Adopted by Life Insurance Companies in Indian Rural Markets; Icfai University Journal of Rural Management: â€Å"The very nature of economic activities of rural market extending the provision of quality access to financial solutions is vital for the development of people residing in rural areas†. Dr. Venkatesh Tamlurkar, Assessing the Marketing for Rural India indianmba. com/facultycolumn/articles(2008) : In many villages, one can see today the alternate use of the products other than for their actual purpose.People in the state of Bihar feed the cattle with Horlicks as a health drink to fatten them! Similarly, people in Punjab use washing machine not for washing clothes but to make frothy lassi in huge quantities! Animals are rubbed with Iodex on their skins to relieve them from m uscular pains after a day's hard work. Paints meant for houses are used on the horns of cattle for easy identification and theft prevention. The Economic Times (2003), â€Å"The rural market likes it strong† the strength of rural markets for Indian companies.Financial express, June 19, 2000 has published the strategy about FMCG majors, HLL, Marico Industries, Colgate Palmolive have formula had for rural markets. The Marketing Mastermind (2003), Hindustan Lever rural marketing Initiatives by â€Å"A Mukund† Marketing Mastermind has given the perspectives in which HLL has approached towards rural markets. MODULE-IV DATA ANAYSIS ANAINTERPRETATION ANALYSIS OF DATA The term analysis refers to the computation of certain measures along with searching for patterns of relationship that exist among data groups.In the process of analysis, relationships or differences supporting or conflicting with original and new hypothesis should be subjected to statistical tests of significanc e to determine with what validity data can be said to indicate any conclusions. Analysis of data in general way involves number of closely related operations which are performed with the purpose of summarizing the collected data and organizing there in such a manner that they should answer the research questions. INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA The task of drawing inferences from the collected facts after an analytical and or experimental study.In fact, it is a search for broader meaning of research findings. The task of interpretation has two major aspects viz. * The effort to establish continuity in research through linking the results of a given study with those of another and * The establishment of some explanatory concept. In one sense interpretation is concerned with relationship with in the collected data, partially overlapping analysis. Interpretation also extends beyond the data study to include the results of other research, theory and hypothesis. TABLE-1 AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| 15-20| 17| 17%| 2| 21-25| 28| 28%| 3| 26-30| 20| 20%| 4| Above 30| 35| 35%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 35% of the respondents belongs to the category of 30Years and above age, 28% of the respondents are under the category of 21 to 25years of age, 20% are under the age group of 26 years to 30years of age. It is found that majority 35% of the respondents belong to the category of 30Years of age EXHIBIT-I AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-2 GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS S.NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Male| 56| 56%| 2| Female| 44| 44%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 56% of the respondents belongs to the category of male, 44% of the respondents are belongs to the category of female. It is found that majority 56% of the respondents belong to the category of male. . EXHIBIT-2 GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-3 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Below 8th | 10| 10%| 2| 9th-12th| 28| 28%| 3| UG| 45| 45%| 4| PG| 17| 17%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%|Source: Primary data The above table explains 45% of the respondents belongs to the category of UG, 28% of the respondents are belongs to the category of 9th-12th, 17% are belongs to the category of PG as qualification. It is found that majority 45% of the respondents belong to the category of UG as qualification. EXHIBIT-3 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS TABLE-4 OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Business| 25| 25%| 2| Employed| 33| 33%| 3| Professional| 26| 26%| 4| Housewife| 16| 16%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary dataThe above table explains 33% of the respondents belongs to the category of employed, 26% of the respondents are belongs the category of professional, 25% are belongs to the category of business, 16% are belongs to the category of housewife. It is found that majority 33% of the respondents belong to the category of employed. EXHIBIT-4 OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-5 NUMBERS OF MEMBERS IN FAMILY OF THE RESPONDENTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| 2 members| 1| 1%| 2| 3 members| 21| 21%| 3| 4 members| 39| 39%| 4| Above 4| 39| 39%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary dataThe above table explains 39% of the respondents belongs to the category of 4 members and above members in the family, 21% of the respondents are belongs the category of 3 members in the family, 1% are belongs to the category of 2 members in the family. It is found that majority 39% of the respondents belong to the category of 4 members and above members in the family EXHIBIT-5 NUMBERS OF MEMBERS IN FAMILY OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-6 MONTHLY INCOME S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Below 3000| 16| 16%| 2| 3000-5000| 21| 21%| 3| 5000-10000| 30| 30%| 4| Above 10000| 33| 33%| TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 33% of the re spondents belongs to the category of above 10000 as income of the family, 30% of the respondents are belongs to the category of 5000-10000, 21% are belongs to the category of 3000-5000, 16% of the respondents are belongs to the category of below 3000 as income of the family. It is found that majority 45% of the respondents belong to the category of above 10000 as income of the family. EXHIBIT-6 MONTHLY INCOME TABLE-7 TYPE OF THE FAMILY OF THE RESPONDENTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| | Joint | 58| 58%| 2| Nuclear | 42| 42%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 58% of the respondents belongs to the category of joint type of the family, 42% of the respondents are belongs to the category of nuclear type of family. It is found that majority 58% of the respondents belong to the category of joint type of the family EXHIBIT-7 TYPE OF THE FAMILY OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-8 FAKE PRODUCTS AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET S. NO| CAYEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Chocolate| 18| 18%| 2| Cosmetics| 40| 40%| 3| Detergents| 22| 22%| 4| Others| 20| 20%| TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 40% of the respondents belongs to the category of cosmetics, 22% of the respondents are belongs to the category of detergents, 20% are belongs to the category of others, 18% of the respondents are belongs to the category of chocolate. It is found that majority 40% of the respondents belong to the category of cosmetics. EXHIBIT-8 FAKE PRODUCTS AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET TABLE-9 TOP BRANDED FMCG PRODUCTS IN THE AREA S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes | 83| 83%| 2| No | 17| 17%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary dataThe above table explains 83% of the respondents are telling top branded FMCG products are available in the market, 17% of the respondents are not telling top branded FMCG products are available in the market. It is found that majority 83% of the respondents are telling top branded FMCG produ cts are available in the market. EXHIBIT-9 TOP BRANDED FMCG PRODUCTS IN THE AREA TABLE-10 USAGE OF FAKE BRANDS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes | 39| 39%| 2| No | 61| 61%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 61% of the respondents are not using fake brands , 39% of the respondents are using fake brands.It is found that majority 61% of the respondents are using fake brands. EXHIBIT-10 USAGE OF FAKE BRANDS TABLE-11 AVAILABILITY OF FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Retail outlet| 26| 26%| 2| Petty shop| 65| 65%| 3| Departmental store| 9| 9%| 4| Super market| 0| 0| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 65% of the respondents belongs to the category of petty shop, 26% of the respondents are belongs to the category of retail outlet, 9% are belongs to the category of departmental store, 0% of the respondents are not buy any products in super market.It is found that majority 65% of the respondents belong to the category of petty shop. EXHIBIT-11 AVAILABILITY OF FAKE PRODUCTS TABLE-12 CUSTOMER INFLUENCE TO CHOOSE THE FAKE BRANDS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Quality | 33| 33%| 2| Price| 35| 35%| 3| Packing| 24| 24%| 4| Quantity| 8| 8%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 35% of the respondents belongs to the category of price, 33% of the respondents are belongs to the category of quality, 24% are belongs to the category of packing, 8% of the respondents are belongs to the category of quantity.It is found that majority 35% of the respondents belong to the category of price. EXHIBIT-12 CUSTOMER INFLUENCE TO CHOOSE THE FAKE BRANDS TABLE-13 CUSTOMER IDENTIFY FAKE BRANDS WITH OTHER PRODUCTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Name| 27| 27%| 2| Symbol| 33| 33%| 3| Slogan| 31| 31%| 4| Trademark| 9| 9%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 33% of the respondents belongs to t he category of symbol, 31% of the respondents are belongs to the category of slogan, 27% are belongs to the category of name, 9% of the respondents are belongs to the category of trademark.It is found that majority 33% of the respondents belong to the category of symbol. EXHIBIT-13 CUSTOMER IDENTIFY FAKE BRANDS WITH OTHER PRODUCTS TABLE-14(i) CUSTOMERS IMPORTANCE TOWARDS THE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes| 69| 69%| 2| No| 31| 31%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 69% of the respondents are giving importance to price of the product, 31% of the respondents are not giving importance to price of the product. It is found that majority 69% of the respondents are giving importance to price of the product. EXHIBIT-14(i)CUSTOMERS IMPORTANCE TOWARDS THE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT PRODUCT TABLE-14(ii) CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION TOWARDS THE SUBFACTORS OF PRICE S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Discount| 46| 66. 67%%| 2| Less price| 23| 33. 33%| | TOTAL| 69| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 66. 67% of the respondents are concentrate in price, 33. 33% of the respondents are not concentrate in price. It is found that majority 66. 67% of the respondents are concentrate in price. EXHIBIT-14(ii) CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION TOWARDS THE SUBFACTORS OF PRICE TABLE-15 BRAND INFLUENCE IN BUYING BEHAVIOUR S.NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes| 64| 64%| 2| No| 36| 36%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 64% of the respondents are influence to the packing on buying behavior, 36% of the respondents are not influence to the packing on buying behaviour. It is found that majority 64% of the respondents are influence to the packing on buying behaviour. EXHIBIT-15 BRAND INFLUENCE IN BUYING BEHAVIOUR TABLE-16 CUSTOMERS OVERALL VIEW ON FAKE BRANDS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Useful| 19| 19%| 2| Very useful| 21| 21%| 3| Necessary | 34| 34%| | Not useful| 26| 26%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 34% of the respondents belongs to the category of necessary, 26% of the respondents are belongs to the category of not useful, 21% are belongs to the category of very useful, 19% of the respondents are belongs to the category of useful. It is found that majority 34% of the respondents belong to the category of necessary. EXHIBIT-16 CUSTOMERS OVERALL VIEW ON FAKE BRANDS TABLE-17 CUSTOMERS STATISFACTION ON FAKE BRANDS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Excellent| 14| 14%| 2| Good| 10| 10%| | Average| 26| 26%| 4| Below average| 50| 50%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 50% of the respondents belongs to the category of below average, 26% of the respondents are belongs to the category of average, 14% are belongs to the category of excellent, 10% of the respondents are belongs to the category of good. It is found that majority 50% of the resp ondents belong to the category of below average. EXHIBIT-17 CUSTOMERS STATISFACTION ON FAKE BRANDS TABLE-18 MONEY SAVING S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes| 37| 37%| 2| No| 63| 63%| TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 63% of the respondents are not saving large sum of money, 37% of the respondents are saving large sum of money. It is found that majority 63% of the respondents are not saving large sum of money. EXHIBIT-18 MONEY SAVING TABLE-19 HEALTHYNESS OF FAKE PRODUCT USAGE S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes| 17| 17%| 2| No| 83| 83%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 83% of the respondents are telling fake products are not healthy, 17% of the respondents are telling fake products are not healthy.It is found that majority 83% of the respondents are telling fake products are not healthy. EXHIBIT-19 HEALTHYNESS OF FAKE PRODUCT USAGE TABLE-20(i) OFFERS WITH FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO| CATEGORY | NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes| 23| 23%| 2| No| 77| 77%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 77% of the respondents are not getting offers for the fake products, 23% of the respondents are getting offers for the fake products. It is found that majority 77% of the respondents are not getting offers for the fake products. EXHIBIT-20(i)OFFERS WITH FAKE PRODUCTS TABLE-20(ii) OFFERS GIVEN FOR THE FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Discount| 12| 52. 13%| 2| Gift| 3| 13. 09%| 3| Others| 8| 34. 78%| | TOTAL| 23| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 52. 13% of the respondents belongs to the category of discount, 34. 78% of the respondents are belongs to the category of others, 13. 09% are belongs to the category of gift. It is found that majority 52. 13% of the respondents belong to the category of discount. EXHIBIT-20(ii) OFFERS GIVEN FOR THE FAKE PRODUCTS TABLE-21(i)CUSTOMERS CHEATED WITH FAKE PRODUCTS S. N O| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes| 50| 50%| 2| No| 50| 50%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 50% of the respondents are both cheated and not cheated with fake products. It is found that majority 50% of the respondents are both cheated and not cheated with fake products. . EXHIBIT-21(i) CUSTOMERS CHEATED WITH FAKE PRODUCTS TABLE-21(ii) HOW CUSTOMERS CHEATED WITH FAKE BRANDS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Name| 19| 38%| 2| Symbol| 12| 24%| 3| Quality| 12| 24%| 4| Price| 7| 14%| TOTAL| 50| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 38% of the respondents belongs to the category of name, 24% of the respondents are belongs to the category of symbol and quality, 14% are belongs to the category of price. It is found that majority 38% of the respondents belong to the category of name. EXHIBIT-21(ii) HOW CUSTOMERS CHEATED WITH FAKE BRANDS TABLE-22 QUALITY CONSCIOUS OF PRODUCT S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PE RCENTAGE| 1| Poor| 7| 7%| 2| Fair| 30| 30%| 3| Good| 49| 49%| 4| Excellent| 17| 17%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary dataThe above table explains 49% of the respondents belongs to the category of good, 30% of the respondents are belongs to the category of fair, 17% are belongs to the category of excellent, 7% of the respondents are belongs to the category of poor. It is found that majority 49% of the respondents belong to the category of good. EXHIBIT-22 QUALITY CONSCIOUS OF PRODUCT TABLE-23 REASONS FOR NOT PURCHASE FAKE FMCG PRODUCTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Not necessary| 42| 42%| 2| High price| 22| 22%| 3| Low quality| 27| 27%| 4| Not familiar| 9| 9%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%|Source: Primary data The above table explains 42% of the respondents belongs to the category of not necessary, 27% of the respondents are belongs to the category of low quality, 22% are belongs to the category of high price, 9% of the respondents are belongs to the category of not fam iliar. It is found that majority 42% of the respondents belong to the category of not necessary. EXHIBIT-23 REASONS FOR NOT PURCHASE FAKE FMCG PRODUCTS TABLE-24 ALTERNATIVE FOR PREFERED BRAND S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Go to other shop| 30| 30%| 2| Postpone the purchase| 16| 16%| | Will buy other brand| 30| 30%| 4| Place order to get required brand| 11| 11%| 5| Any other| 13| 13%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 30% of the respondents belongs to the category of both go to other shop and will buy other brand, 16% of the respondents are belongs to the category of postpone the purchase, 13% are belongs to the category of any other, 11% of the respondents are belongs to the category of place order to get required brand. It is found that majority 30% of the respondents belong to the category of both go to other shop and will buy other brand.EXHIBIT-24 ALTERNATIVE FOR PREFERED BRAND TABLE-25 CUSTOMERS STATISFACTION WITH PRESENT DIS TRIBUTION SYSTEM S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes| 62| 62%| 2| No| 38| 38%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 62% of the respondents are satisfied with present distribution system, 38% of the respondents are not satisfied with present distribution system. It is found that majority 62% of the respondents are satisfied with present distribution system. EXHIBIT-25 CUSTOMERS STATISFACTION WITH PRESENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TABLE-26MODE OF SELLING OF FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Van| 14| 14%| 2| Cycle| 34| 34%| 3| Door-door step| 23| 23%| 4| Other| 29| 29%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 34% of the respondents belongs to the category of cycle, 29% of the respondents are belongs to the category of other, 23% are belongs to the category of door-door step, 14% of the respondents are belongs to the category of van. It is found that majority 34% of the respondents belong to the category of cycle. EXHIBIT-26 MODE OF SELLING OF FAKE PRODUCTSTABLE-27 VOICE OF RETAILERS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes| 53| 53%| 2| No| 47| 47%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary data The above table explains 53% of the respondents are obey the voice of the retailer, 47% of the respondents are not obey the voice of the retailer. It is found that majority 53% of the respondents are obey the voice of the retailer. EXHIBIT-27 VOICE OF RETAILERS TABLE-28 STEPS TO AVOID FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO| CATEGORY| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Yes| 58| 58%| 2| No| 42| 42%| | TOTAL| 100| 100%| Source: Primary dataThe above table explains 58% of the respondents are take steps to avoid using fake products, 42% of the respondents are not take steps to avoid using fake products. It is found that majority 58% of the respondents are take steps to avoid using fake products. EXHIBIT-28 STEPS TO AVOID FAKE PRODUCTS MODULE-V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION 5 . 1. Findings of the study * The majority of 35% of the respondents are in the age group of above 30. * The majority of 56% of the respondents are male. * The majority of 45% of the respondents are qualified as UG. The majority of 33% of the respondents are employed. * The majority of 39% of the respondents are with family of above 4members. * The majority of 33% of the respondents are earning above Rs10000 per month. * The majority of 58% of the respondents are joint family. * The majority of 40% of the respondents are expecting fake cosmetic products available in market. * The majority of 83% of the respondents are expecting top branded FMCG products available in the area. * The majority of 61% of the respondents are not using fake brands. The majority of 65% of the respondents are purchasing fake products in petty shop. * The majority of 35% of the respondents are influencing price to choose the fake brand. * The majority of 33% of the respondents are identifying symbol with othe r products. * The majority of 67% of the respondents are give importance to price of the product. * The majority of 64% of the respondents are influencing packing of the brand in buying behavior. * The majority of 34% of the respondents are telling necessary to use fake brands. * The majority of 50% of the respondents are good to satisfied on fake brands. The majority of 63% of the respondents are feels fake brands saves large sum of money. * The majority of 83% of the respondents are expecting fake products are not healthy. * The majority of 52. 13% of the respondents are getting discount for the fake brands. * The majority of 50% of the respondents are cheated with fake products. * The majority of 38% of the respondents are cheated by name of the product. * The majority of 42% of the respondents are expected not necessary to purchase fake FMCG products. * The majority of 30% of the respondents gives equal preference to go to other shop and will buy other brand. The majority of 62% of the respondents are satisfied with present distribution system. * The majority of 34% of the respondents are expecting fake products are sold by the manufacture through cycle. * The majority of 53% of the respondents are obeying the voice of the retailer. * The majority of 58% of the respondents are take steps to avoid fake products. 5. 2. Suggestions To The Study . * It is necessary to the consumer forum to create awareness among rural customers among fake brands. * Branded products should advertise their brand image and slogan to avoid the fake products. Some best brands are not available all times in all areas, so we can’t avoid to buy the fake products 5. 3. Conclusion A product is the heart of marketing. A rural marketer has to be sensitive to the needs of rural consumers and must design products that achieve the best fit with rural conditions. To succeed in rural markets, it is important for companies to make products that cater to all facets of rural needs, from pr oduct design to branding, from packaging to after-sales service. Based on the types of products currently seen and the likely aspirations of rural consumers, products may proliferate in many directions.It is likely that relatively well-to-do rural consumers will graduate to more sophisticated products as they start expecting more than just the core benefits of the product. The shift of rural consumers from product generalization (one clearing soap for all purposes) to product specialization (toilet soap for bathing, shampoo for washing hair, detergent for washing clothes) promises better growth for urban-centric products presently used in rural areas. Increased literacy and awareness levels are bound to lead to an influx of new product categories like educational and lifestyle products.The first mover in new product categories in the rural market will benefit and is more likely to succeed by achieving brand stickiness, making it difficult for late entrants. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS * Prad eep kashyap and Siddhartha raut, ‘The rural marketing book’. * Gupta, V. K. , ‘An Approach to Rural Marketing’, Indian journal of marketing. * Dr. Francis Cherunilam, â€Å"Corporate Scene – The Menace of Fake Products† Organisational Management * Lee Hoe, Gillian Hogg, Susan Hart, (2003), Fakin’ It: Counterfeiting and Consumer Contradiction, European Advances in Consumer Research, 6: 60-67. Alain d’Astous, Ezzedine Gargouri, (2001), Consumer evaluations of brand imitation, European Journal of Marketing, 35(1/2): 153 – 167. * Gardner, David M. (1975), Deception in Advertising: A Conceptual Approach, Journal of Marketing Z% Qan. ), 40-46. * Jacoby, Jacob;Olson, Jerry C. ;Haddock, Rafael A. , (1971), Price, brand name, and product composition characteristics as determinants of perceived quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(6): 570-579 * Robert C. Bird, (2007-2008), Counterfeit Drugs: A Global Consumer Perspective, Wake Forest Intell. Prop. L. J. , 387. 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Sci. Res. , 2(1): 418-425. * Roberta Hupman, Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky, (1995), Brand imitation and the consumer: an ethical perspective, European Advances in Consumer Research, 2: 418-424. Elfriede Penz, Barbara Stottinger, (2005), Forget the â€Å"Real† Thing–Take the Copy! An Explanatory Model for the Volitional Purchase of Counterfeit Products. Advances in Consumer Research, 32: 568-575. WEBSITES: * www. google. com * www. wikipedia. com * www. businessmanthra. com ANNEXURE QUESTIONNAIRE A STUDY ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTION OF FAKE BRANDS IN FMCG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RURAL AREAS IN THENI DISTRICT 1) Name: _________________________________ 2) Age: a)15-20yrs b)21-25yrs c)26-30yrs d)above 30yrs 3) Gender: a)male b)female 4) Education )below 8th b)9th-12th c)UG d)PG 5) Nature of occupation a)business b)employed c)professional d)housewife 6)Number of members in the family a)2 b)3 c)4 d)above 4 7) Mon thly income a)below ? 3000 b) ? 3000-? 5000 c) ? 5000-? 10000 d)above ? 10000 8) Type of family a)joint b)nuclear 9) what are the fake products available in the market? a)chocolate b)cosmetics c)detergents d)others 10) Did you expect top branded FMCG products are available in this area? )yes b)no 11) Are you a user of fake brands? a)yes b)no 12) In which place do you purchase fake products? a)retail outlet b)petty shop c)departmental store d)super market 13) What influence you to choose the fake brand? a)quality b)price c)packing d)quantity 14) How do you identify fake brand with other? a)name b)symbol c)slogan d)trademark 15)i) Do you give importance to the price of the product? a)yes b)no ii) If yes? You concentrate in )discount b)less price 16) Does the packing of the brands influence in buying behavior? a)yes b)no 17) What is the overall view on fake brands? a)useful b)very useful c)necessary d)not useful 18) Give the degree of satisfaction about fake brands? a)excellent b)good c)average d)below average 19) Do you feel fake brands saves large sum of money? a)yes b)no 20) Would you think fake products are healthy? a)yes b)no 21) Would you get any offer for fake brands? a)yes b)no i) If yes what are they? a)discount b)gift c)others 22) Are you cheated with fake products? a)yes b)no ii) If yes how? a)name b)symbol c)quality d)price 23) How do you rate the quality of the product & your preferred brands? a)poor b)fair c)good d)excellent 24) What are the reasons for not purchase fake FMCG products? a)not necessary b)high price c)low quality d)not familiar 25) What are the alternative purchase plans, if preferred brand is not available? )go to other shop b)postpone the purchase c)will buy other brand d)place order to get required brand e)any other 26) Are you satisfied with present distribution system? a)yes b)no 27) Manufacture sell the fake products through a)van b)cycle c)door – door step d)other 28) Did you obey the voice of the retailer of buying FMCG products? a)yes b)no 29) Do you take any steps to avoid using fake brands? a)yes b)no 30) Your valuable suggestion if any ————————————————- ————————————————-